1. All the ramps below are identical, smooth and 5 m high except for the shape of their inclines. The crates at the top of each ramp are identical, with a mass of 2 kg. Initially, stationary crates are released from the top of the ramps. What is the initial GPE of the crates in each case? Show and explain your work.

Space-time metric ds2= -dt2+at2dx2+bt2dy2+ct2dz2 (a)how does the area of a rectangle with vertices at ( x=0, y=0, z=0 ), (1,0,0 ), ( 0,1,0 ) and (1,1,0 ) changes with time? (b) if a photon moving in the x direction starts from the origin at t=1, when does it reach x=l? (ds=0 for the trajectory of a photon.) (c) the proper time for a particle is defined by cd=ds. what is the proper time for a particle to move along the trajectory ( x(t)=t, y(t)=0, z(t)=0 ) from t=0 to 1 ? what is the condition on the parameter a so that the velocity of the particle never exceeds the speed of light ?

Aball is thrown straight up into the air with a speed of 21 m/s. if the ball has a mass of 0.1 kg, how high does the ball go? acceleration due to gravity is g = 9.8 m/s^2. a. 22.5 m b. 20.0 m c. 25.0 m d. 17.5 m

The intensity of a polarized electromagnetic wave is 12 w/m^2. part a) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=0∘ with the plane of polarization? part b) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=30∘ with the plane of polarization? part c) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=45∘ with the plane of polarization? part d) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=60∘ with the plane of polarization? part e) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=90∘ with the plane of polarization?