What is systematic replication? developing a plan for how data will be collected in order to answer a research question

repeating a study as closely as possible to its original design in order to show reliability
developing a research question or hypothesis in order to make a prediction

repeating a study with differences in design in order to show external validity

The electric field between square plates of a parallel-plate capacitor has magnitude e. the potential across the plates is maintained with constant voltage by a battery as they are pulled apart to twice their original separation, which is small compared to the dimensions of the plates. the magnitude of the electric field between the plates is now equal to a)e b)e/4 c)e/2 d)4e e)2e