Which of the following is the best model to help explain how light behaves as it passes from air and then through a piece of transparent glass? Use evidence and scientific reasoning to support your answer.

Refrigerant-134a flows through a carnot heat pump cycle at 0.5 kg/s. it is known that the maximum absolute temperature in the cycle is 1.1 times the minimum absolute temperature, and the net power input to the cycle is 2.5 kw. if the refrigerant changes from a saturated vapor to a saturated liquid during the heat rejection process, determine the maximum magnitude of the enthalpy of vaporization for this process in kj/kg (with 3 significant figures).