Scuba divers carry ballast weights to have neutral buoyancy. At that condition, the buoyancy force on the diver exactly balances weight, and there is no tendency either to float toward the surface or to sink. In freshwater, a certain diver carries 10 lb of lead alloy ballast of density 1.1 x 104 kg/m3. During an excursion in seawater, the diver must carry 50% more ballast to remain neutrally buoyant. How much does this diver weigh

732.96 N

Explanation:

In fresh water the diver carries ; 10 Ib of lead alloy = 44.5 N

Ballast density : 1.1 * 10^4 kg/m^3

Diver must carry 59% more ballast in seawater

first step : For fresh water

mass of lead alloy in freshwater

mf = wf /g  = 44.5 N / 9.81 = 4.536 kg

Volume of lead alloy ballast in fresh water

Vf = mf / plead  

    = ( 4.536 ) / ( 1.1 * 10^4 ) = 4.1 * 10^ -4 m^3

Second step : For sea water

mass of alloy in seawater

Ms = Ws / g

Ws = 10 Ib + 5 Ib = 15 Ib = 66.75 N

hence ; Ms = 66.75 / 9.81 = 6.804 kg

Volume of alloy in seawater

Vs = Ms / plead  = 6.804 / ( 1.1 * 10^4 ) = 6.2 * 10^-4 m^3

Next : considering the diver in freshwater with Ballast weight

= weight of diver + ballast weight (Wf) = ( pfresh * ( V + Vf ) ) * g    ( 1 )

where : pfresh = 1000 kg/m^3 , Vf = 4.1 * 10^-4 m^3,  g = 9.81 , Wf = 44.5 N

hence equation 1 becomes

W + 44.5  = 9810 * V + 4.1

W + 40.4 = 9810 V ( 3 )

Considering Diver in seawater with Ballast weight

weight of diver + ballast weight (Ws) = ( psea * ( V + Vs ) ) * g   ( 2 )

where : psea = 1026 kg/m^3 , Vs = 6.2 * 10^-4 m^3 , g = 9.81 , Ws = 66.75 N

equation 1 becomes

W + 66.75 = 10065.06 * V + 6.2

W + 60.55 = 10065.06 V

∴ V = ( W + 60.55 )/ 10065.06 (  Input value into equation 3 to determine the weight of the diver )

W + 40.4  = 9810 (  ( W + 60.55 )/ 10065.06  )

10065.6 ( W + 40.4 ) = 9810 ( W + 60.55 )  

10065.6 W - 9810 W = 593995.5 - 406650.24

∴ W ( weight of diver ) = 187345.26 / 255.6  = 732.96 N

a.   mass number from atomic number

the order for strong to weak forces such as

strong nuclear force → electromegnetic force → weak nuclear force → gravitational force

the fundamental forces are those forces that act between to objects or element to make interactions. there are four types of fundamental forces such as strong and weak nuclear forces (due to protons and electrons), electromagnetic force (due to the motion of electrons) and gravitational force (due to orbital movement of the planet). if these forces are arranged on the basis of their maximum strength then the order is

strong nuclear force → electromegnetic force → weak nuclear force → gravitational force