In this photograph, a soccer player is about to kick the ball. Use the situation to explain that when two objects interact, the force between them can cause energy to be transferred. In your response, identify the type of energy that each object has before they interact, the forces exerted when the objects interact, and the type of energy that each object has after they interact.

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According to Newton’s first law, if no force is applied to a ball, it will continue moving at the same speed and direction as it did before. When we put the ball on the grass it stays in its place, namely it stays in zero motion since no force is applied to it. However, after we kick the ball, it will continue moving in the direction we kicked it. Its speed will drop gradually, due to friction (a force applied on the ball in the opposite direction to its motion), but the direction of its motion will remain the same.

According to Newton’s second law, a force applied to an object changes that object’s acceleration – namely, the rate at which the speed of the object changes. When we kick the ball, the force we apply to it causes it to accelerate from a speed of 0 to a speed of dozens of kilometers per hour. When the ball is released from the foot, it begins to decelerate (negative acceleration) due to the force of friction that is exerted upon it (as we observed in the previous example). If we were to kick a ball in outer space, where there is no friction, it would accelerate during the kick, and then continue moving at a constant speed in the direction that we kicked at, until it hits some other object or another force is applied to it.

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