Which describes how chemical changes are different from physical changes? (a) Chemical changes can be measured, but physical changes cannot. (b)Chemical changes involve the formation of a new substance. (c)Chemical changes release energy, but physical changes absorb energy.
(d) Chemical changes cannot be caused by oxygen.

The extremely high temperatures needed to trigger nuclear fusion are proposed to be generated by laser irradiating a spherical pellet of deuterium and tritium fuel of diameter 1.8 mm. (a) determine the maximum fuel temperature that can be achieved by irradiating the pellet with 200 lasers, each producing a power of 550 w. the pellet has an absorptivity 0.3 and emissivity 0.8.

Ascientist notices that an oil slick floating on water when viewed from above has many different colors reflecting off the surface, making it look rainbow-like (an effect known as iridescence). she aims a spectrometer at a particular spot and measures the wavelength to be 750 nm (in air). the index of refraction of water is 1.3

As microwave light travels through a liquid, it moves at a speed of 2.2 x 108 m/s. if the frequency of this light wave is 1.1 x 108 hz, what is the wavelength of this microwave?