What would scratch a mineral that registers 8 on the Moh’s hardness scale? is it Topaz? Please correct me if I'm wrong

In a thunderstorm, charge builds up on the water droplets or ice crystals in a cloud. thus, the charge can be considered to be distributed uniformly throughout the cloud. for the purposes of this problem, take the cloud to be a sphere of diameter 1.00 kilometer. the point of this problem is to estimate the maximum amount of charge that this cloud can contain, assuming that the charge builds up until the electric field at the surface of the cloud reaches the value at which the surrounding air breaks down. this breakdown means that the air becomes highly ionized, enabling it to conduct the charge from the cloud to the ground or another nearby cloud. the ionized air will then emit light due to the recombination of the electrons and atoms to form excited molecules that radiate light. in addition, the large current will heat up the air, resulting in its rapid expansion. these two phenomena account for the appearance of lightning and the sound of thunder. take the breakdown electric field of air to be eb=3.00ă—106n/c. part a estimate the total charge q on the cloud when the breakdown of the surrounding air is reached. express your answer numerically, to three significant figures, using ďµ0=8.85ă—10â’12c2/(nâ‹…m2) .

Very large accelerations can injure the body, especially if they last for a considerable length of time. one model used to gauge the likelihood of injury is the severity index ( ), defined as =/ . in the expression, is the duration of the accleration, but is not equal to the acceleration. rather, is a dimensionless constant that = the number of multiples of that the acceleration is equal to.in one set of studies of rear-end collisions, a person's velocity increases by 13.7 km/h with an acceleration of 36.0 m/s2 . let the + direction point in the direction the car is traveling. what is the severity index for the collision?

If the spring constant k of a pogo stick is 3500 n m and the weight of the person on the pogo stick is 700 n, how much is the spring in the botom of the pogo stick compressed?