A motionless 130 kg astronaut is holding a 12 kg tool while on a spacewalk. To get moving, the astronaut throws the tool forward with a speed of +3.3 m/s. At what speed does the
astronaut move backwards?

Estimate the kinetic energy of mars with respect to the sun as the sum of two terms, that due to its daily rotation about its axis, and that due to its yearly revolution about the sun. (assume mars is a uniform sphere with mass = 6.4×10 to the power of 23 kg, radius = 3.4×10 to the power of 6 m, rotation period = 24.7 hours, orbital period = 686 days and is 2.3×10 to the power of 8 km from the sun.)