1. Formulate a Question: The scientist formulates a question to be answered. The question must have a concrete answer that can be obtained by making additional observations or by performing an experiment.

2. Create a Hypothesis

This is a possible answer to the question: an explanation, capable of being tested and disproven, for the question first posed.

3. Prediction

A scientist devises a plan to study and gather data, making a prediction about the outcome of the investigation.

4. Investigation and Observation

A scientist performs the investigation and is observant of all that occurs. Data is gathered and observations are made.

5. Summary

A good scientist summarizes his or her entire experiment, from the question, to the hypothesis and prediction, to the observations, comparing the predicted outcome to the actual outcome, and deciding about the validity of the original hypothesis. A good scientist will also consider new questions that may have arisen during the experiment.