The quantity of heat Q that changes the temperature ΔT of a mass m of a substance is given by Q=mcΔT, where c is the specific heat capacity of the substance. For example, for H2O, c=1cal/g∘C. And for a change of phase the quantity of heat Q that changes the phase of a mass m is Q=mL, where L is the heat of fusion or heat of vaporization of the substance. For example, for H2O the heat of fusion is 80 cal/g or 80 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporization is 540 cal/g or 540 kcal/kg. Use these relationships to determine the number of calories to change (a) 1 kg of 0°C ice to 1 kg 0°C ice water; (b) 1 kg of 0°C ice water to 1 kg 100°C boiling water; (c) 1 kg of 100°C boiling water to 1 kg 100°C steam; and (d) 1 kg of 0°C ice to 1 kg 100°C steam.