Comment on this statement: The second law of thermodynamics is one of the most fundamental laws of nature, yet it is not an exact law at all.

an ion is a charged atom or molecule. it is charged because the number of electrons do not equal the number of protons in the atom or molecule. an atom can acquire a positive charge or a negative charge depending on whether the number of electrons in an atom is greater or less then the number of protons in the atom.

the answer would be 32*f

double the distance = divide strength by 4