Given that the nearest neighbour distance (Ro) and the Madelung constant (α) for the potassium chloride crystal are 3.14Å and 1.64Å respectively, calculate the binding energy per mole for the solid.(charge on an ion in a KCl lattice = 1.6 x 10-19C). (5 marks)

The law of entropy can also be called the law of increasing disorder, but this law seems to contradict the existence of living organisms that are able to organize chemicals into organic molecules. prepare for a class debate on the validity of the following arguments: a. living things are not subject to the laws of thermodynamics. b. the increase in the universe's entropy due to life processes is greater than the decrease in entropy within a living organism.