A 70.0-kg person throws a 0.0430-kg snowball forward with a ground speed of 32.0 m/s. A second person, with a mass of 58.5 kg, catches the snowball. Both people are on skates. The first person is initially moving forward with a speed of 3.30 m/s, and the second person is initially at rest. What are the velocities of the two people after the snowball is exchanged

The velocities of the skaters are and , respectively.

Explanation:

Each skater is not under the influence of external forces during process, so that Principle of Momentum Conservation can be used on each skater:

First skater

(1)

Second skater

(2)

Where:

- Mass of the first skater, in kilograms.

- Mass of the second skater, in kilograms.

- Initial velocity of the first skater, in meters per second.

- Final velocity of the first skater, in meters per second.

- Launch velocity of the meter, in meters per second.

- Final velocity of the second skater, in meters per second.

If we know that , , , and , then the velocities of the two people after the snowball is exchanged is:

By (1):

By (2):

the diagram which shows forces as either balanced = same speed or unbalanced = accelerarting

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