If a bale of hay behind the target exerts a constant friction force, how much farther will your arrow burry itself into the hay than the arrow from the younger shooter

The arrow will bury itself farther by 3S₁

Explanation:

lets assume; the Arrow shot by me has a speed twice the speed of the arrow fired by the younger shooter

Given that ; acceleration is constant , Frictional force is constant

                    A₂ =   A₁

Vf²₂ - Vi²₂ / 2s₂  = Vf₁² - Vi₁² / 2s₁ ( 1 )

final velocities = 0

Initial velocities : Vi₂ = 2(Vi₁ )

Back to equation 1

0 - (2Vi₁ )² / 2s₂ =  0 - Vi₁² / 2s₁

hence :

s₂ = 4s₁

hence the Arrow shot by me will burry itself farther by :

s₂ - s₁ = 3s₁

Note :  S1 = distance travelled by the arrow shot by the younger shooter

b. a lightning bug, plug of grass, and a worm