A beam of polarized light with intensity I0I0I_0 and polarization angle θ0θ0theta_0 strikes a polarizer with transmission axis θTAθTAtheta_TA. What angle θθtheta should be used in Malus's law to calculate the transmitted intensity I1I1I_1?

What is work? how much work is done to move an object 0 meters?

Avalue that describes how heavy an object is and is related to the force of gravity is

Aparticle of mass m is projected with an initial velocity v0 in a direction making an angle α with the horizontal level ground as shown in the figure. the motion of the particle occurs under a uniform gravitational field g pointing downward. (a) write down the lagrangian of the system by using the cartesian coordinates (x, y). (b) is there any cyclic coordinate(s). if so, interpret it (them) physically. (c) find the euler-lagrange equations. find at least one constant of motion. (d) solve the differential equation in part (c) and obtain x and y coordinates of the projectile as a function of time. (e) construct the hamiltonian of the system, h, and write down the hamilton’s equations (canonical equations) of motion.