in the winter sport of bobsledding, athletes push their sled along a horizontal ice surface and then hop on the sled as it starts to careen down the steeply sloped track. in one event, the sled reaches a top speed of 9.2 m/s before starting down the initial part of the track, which is sloped downward at an angle of 7.0 degrees. what is the sled's speed after it has traveled the first 60 m?

The heater element of a 120 v toaster is a 5.4 m length of nichrome wire, whose diameter is 0.48 mm. the resistivity of nichrome at the operating temperature of the toaster is 1.3 × 10-6 ω·m. the toaster is operated at a voltage of 120 v. (a) what is the power drawn by the toaster? (b) if the cost of electricity is 12 ¢ per kilowatt-hour, and it takes 2 minutes to toast bread, how much does it cost for toasted bread? (c) when the heater element is at room temperature, is the resistivity in the nichrome wire greater than, less than, or equal to it’s resistivity when at operating temperature? explain.