what is the independent variable and the dependent variable, if there are 100 winds of cooper, large gauge, and 100 volts?

Explain to someone who knows nothing about fossils the study of invertebrate paleontology and how it scientists understand the history of the earth. be sure your explanation contains a minimum of two complete sentences.

The pressure increases by 1.0 x 104 n/m^2 for every meter of depth beneath the surface of the ocean. at what depth does the volume of a pyrex (bulk modulus 2.6 x 1010n/m^2) glass cube, 9.8 x 10^−2m on an edge at the ocean's surface, decrease by 7.5 x 10−10m^3? explain the formula beyond this point: p=1.0x10^4, b=2.6x10^10, l=9.8x10^−2, delta v=7.5x10^−10. at some point l needs to be cubed. why p is divided by delta v?

Alinearly polarized electromagnetic wave has an average intensity of 196 w/m^2. this wave is directed towards two ideal polarizers (in real polarizers, transmission is also effected by reflection and absorption). polarizer a is oriented with its transmission axis at an angle of θ_1=20.8∘ with the incident electric field. polarizer b has its axis at an angle of θ_2=63.0∘ with the incident electric field. what is the average intensity of the wave after it passes through polarizer a? what is the average intensity of the wave after it passes through polarizer b? suppose that the two polarizers a and b are interchanged. what would the average intensity be after passing through both polarizers?