Điện trở tương đương của mạch nói tiếp được tính theo cônh thức nào

What does the term discrediting mean?

What is relative velocity? in which condition is relative velocity known by adding the velocity of the first body and that of the second body

We have a colorless transparent liquid. it looks like water. we seperated it into a solid and a liquid by evaporration and condention was this a chemichal or a physical seperation a. chemical seperation b. physical seperation