Identify one example of a “field” and describe how the forces can act from a distance

Light from the sun reaches the earth in 8.3 minutes. the velocity is 3.00 x 10^8 m/s. how far is earth from the sun? i know how to get to d = (3 x 10^8 m/s)(498 sec). i just don't know how to get from there to the answer being 1.5 x 10^11 m.

Suppose a soccer ball is kicked from the ground at an angle 20.0º above the horizontal at 8.00 m/s. the y-velocity is determined to be 2.74 m/s. how long will the ball be in the air? assume the ball lands at the same height at which it was kicked.

The astronauts on the space shuttle flights experienced an acceleration of 29 m/s2 (about 3 "g's") during lift-off. what upward force must the astronaut's seat apply to the astronaut in order to cause this acceleration? assume the astronaut's mass is 70 kg, and compute this force when the acceleration is near the earth's surface so their weight equals latex: mg m g .