(S1) If a runner rounds a curve and maintains a vertical position she subject to a torque. Consider the forces acting at the ground to explain where this torque comes from. In which direction (into or out of the curve) will this torque tend to rotate the runner if she fails to lean towards the center

grav forces affect all objects magnetic forces affect magnetic objects and electric currents

the aurora is formed when charged particles emitted from the sun during a solar flare penetrate the earth's magnetic shield and collide with atoms and molecules in our atmosphere. these collisions result in countless little bursts of light, called photons, which make up the aurora.

auroras are generated by charged solar particles hitting molecules in earth's atmosphere. this usually happens in high latitudes, because our planet’s magnetic field tends to funnel these particles toward the poles. that’s why it can be experienced in northern ohio.