A boat is using echo-sounding equipment to measure the depth of the water underneath it, as illustrated in the first diagram. The equipment in the boat sends a short pulse of sound downwards and detects the echo after a time interval of 0.80s. i Describe how an echo is caused. ii The speed of sound in water is 1500 m/s. Calculate the distance travelled (in metres) by the sound in 0.80 s.

Explanation:

Echo is caused by sound energy reflecting off of "hard" surfaces. It could be as simple as a change in density of the material the sound is traveling through.

In 0.8 s, the sound has traveled 0.8(1500) = 1200 m.

That means the object that reflected the sound is 600 m below the boat. The sound took 0.4 s to reach the object and another 0.4 s to return the echo.

another example of kinetic energy would be,

kinetic energy   >     moving energy

answer   >   letter choice (c),   a hammer falling off a table.

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the earths atmosphere is made up of nitrogen and oxygen. solids can turn into gasses through a process called sublimation. sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase, without passing through the intermediate liquid phase.

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