Light bends away from normal when it passes from denser to rarer medium. why?

Which one of the following research methods can show cause and effect

An isolated conducting spherical shell carries a positive charge. part a which statement (or statements) about the electric field and the electric potential inside and outside the spherical shell is correct? which statement (or statements) about the electric field and the electric potential inside and outside the spherical shell is correct? electric potential inside the shell is constant and outside the shell is changing as 1/r2 both the electric potential and the electric field does change with r inside and outside the spherical shell electric potential inside and outside the shell is constant, but not zero electric potential inside the shell is constant and outside the shell is equal to zero electric field inside and outside the shell is constant (does not change with the position r), but is not equal to zero electric field inside and outside the shell is changing as 1/r (where r is the distance from the center of the sphere) electric field inside is equal to zero and outside the shell is constant, but not zero electric potential inside the shell is constant and outside the shell is changing as 1/r electric field inside and outside the shell is changing as 1/r2 electric field inside is equal to zero and outside the shell is changing as 1/r2 electric field inside and outside the shell is zero electric field inside is constant and outside the shell is changing as 1/r

Gasoline comes from petroleum, which is made from ancient living things. petroleum, therefore, contains a type of energy. a. heat b. nuclear c. biological d. chemical potential