12 ln muscle constriction; a) Chemical energy transforms directly into thermal energy and than into mechanical work. b) Chemical energy transforms directly into mechanical energy (work);
c) Chemical energy transforme directly into electric energy and than into mechanical work.
d) Chemical energy transform directly into thermal and electric energy and than into mechanical work.

answer; (arch); good luck

the total distance traveled by the car is

30km + 49km = 79 km .

speed of light in vacuum is 300,000 km/s

speed of light in other mediums is given by the expression v = c/n, where c is the speed of light in vacuum and n is the refractive index of medium.

for the first medium v = 200,000 km/s

  so, refractive index of medium = 300000/200000 = 1.5

    1.5 refractive index is usually for glass. so first medium is glass.

for the second medium v = 250,00 km/s

so, refractive index of medium = 300000/250000 = 1.2

    1.2 refractive index is usually for water. so second medium is water.

for the third medium v = 0 km/s

so, refractive index of medium = 300000/0 = ∞

    ∞ refractive index is usually for opaque mediums. so third medium is opaque medium.

force required to detach it is given by

charges are taken to be fundamental charge

now we have

so above is the minimum distance at which it will detach