What energy powers the star throughout its life?

It is called Nuclear fusion. Stars are controlled by atomic combination in their centers, generally changing over hydrogen into helium. The generation of new components by means of atomic responses is called nucleosynthesis. A star's mass figures out what another kind of nucleosynthesis happens in its center.

Neptune is the eighth planet from the sun. it was the first planet to get its existence predicted by  mathematical calculations  before it was actually seen through a telescope on sept. 23, 1846. irregularities in the orbit of  uranus  led french astronomer alexis bouvard to suggest that the gravitational pull from another celestial body might be responsible. german astronomer johann galle then relied on subsequent calculations to   spot neptune via telescope. previously, astronomer galileo galilei sketched the planet, but he mistook it for a star due to its slow motion. in accordance with all the other planets seen in the sky, this new world was given a name from greek and roman mythology — neptune, the roman god of the sea.