The cloud of interstellar dust and gas that forms a star is known as a
a. protostar.
b. white dwarf.
c. red giant.
d. nebula.
user:
15. with an average surface temperature of about 737 k, is the hottest planet.
a. mars
b. mercury
c. earth
d. venus

In a thunderstorm, charge builds up on the water droplets or ice crystals in a cloud. thus, the charge can be considered to be distributed uniformly throughout the cloud. for the purposes of this problem, take the cloud to be a sphere of diameter 1.00 kilometer. the point of this problem is to estimate the maximum amount of charge that this cloud can contain, assuming that the charge builds up until the electric field at the surface of the cloud reaches the value at which the surrounding air breaks down. this breakdown means that the air becomes highly ionized, enabling it to conduct the charge from the cloud to the ground or another nearby cloud. the ionized air will then emit light due to the recombination of the electrons and atoms to form excited molecules that radiate light. in addition, the large current will heat up the air, resulting in its rapid expansion. these two phenomena account for the appearance of lightning and the sound of thunder. take the breakdown electric field of air to be eb=3.00ă—106n/c. part a estimate the total charge q on the cloud when the breakdown of the surrounding air is reached. express your answer numerically, to three significant figures, using ďµ0=8.85ă—10â’12c2/(nâ‹…m2) .

The focal length of a relaxed human eye is approximately 1.7 cm. when we focus our eyes on a close up object, we can change the refractive power of the eye by about 16 diopters. (a) does the refractive power of our eyes increase or decrease by 16 diopters when we focus closely? explain. (b) calculate the focal length of the eye when we focus closely.

When you jump from an elevated position you usually bend your knees upon reaching the ground. by doing this, you make the time of the impact about 10 times as great as for a stiff-legged landing. in this way the average force your body experiences is a) less than 1/10 as great. b) more than 1/10 as great. c) about 1/10 as great.d) about 10 times as great.