What is the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves?

John throws .4 kg ball with velocity of 18 m/s. hits .2 kg bottle and bottle flies 25 m/s. how fast is ball traveling after hitting the bottle?

If gases like carbon dioxide and methane make up less than 1% of the total atmosphere, why is it important for scientists to monitor changes in percentages of these gases?

Light from a sodium lamp passes through a diffraction grating that has 1000 slits per millimeter. the interference pattern is viewed on a screen 1.000 m behind the grating. the first (m = 1) two bright yellow fringes that are visible are 0.7288 m and 0.7300 m from the central maximum. what are the wavelengths of these two fringes?