2. the gravitational acceleration on mars is 3.71 m/s2. if the pendulums were set in motion on the red planet, how would that affect their periods

On Earth, the period of a pendulum is given by:

where L is the length of the pendulum and  is the gravitational acceleration on Earth.
Similarly, the period of the same pendulum on Mars will be

where is the gravitational acceleration on Mars.
Therefore, if we want to see how does the period of the pendulum on Mars change compared to the one on Earth, we can do the ratio between the two of them:

Therefore, the period of the pendulum on Mars will be 1.63 times the period on Earth.

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The answer is frictional force