Toasting bread involves the transformation of 1. electrical energy into mechanical energy 2. electrical energy into thermal energy 3. thermal energy into electrical energy

Option (b) is correct.

The toaster uses the electrical energy and converts that into thermal (heat) energy . the total energy remains constant, we can just transform it from one form to another.the toaster has resistance coils in which the electrical energy gets dissipated in the form of heat. That heat energy then roasts the bread.

Thus in toaster, electrical energy is converted into thermal energy.

answer

procedural programming, object-oriented programming

explanation

procedural programming is a type of computer programming language that specifies a series of well structured steps and procedures   within its development period of time. it contains a systematic order of statements, functions and commands to complete a computational task or program. it is centered on creating procedures. while object oriented programming is a programming language that is centered on creating objects rather that actions and data rather than logic.. it has four principles which are inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction and encapsulation