Once a social problem moves through the four stages it is largely solved.

It depends on the subject for me. some exams are easier than others so i usually go through it and answer questions i know based on my general knowledge, then double check after. going through the lesson can a lot  because the exams can be  very lesson-specific, but sometimes they are ridiculously long so a lot of people don't take the time. i did find that, when i went through the lessons, i was making 100's on my exams vs strictly using + the internet and  i make 90's. 

Number 3 is the logical, go-to answer for the classical school of thought as they strongly believe that an individual commits a crime of their own free will and fully understands the  consequences, making them liable to whatever punishment is dealt to them.