James madison believed that having multiple organizations in the political system would result in

The answer is "the prevention of the formation of oppressive majorities, thereby protecting the rights of political minorities".

James madison anticipated the significance of having various associations in the political framework. He upheld the making of a substantial republic with numerous states to energize the arrangement of different interests. Different interests would ensure minority sees against the development of an oppression majority interest.

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.