What event was caused by the driver slamming on the car brakes to keep from hitting jane?

I believe the answer is: Stressor

Stressor refers to the stimulus that could cause psychological distress for certain individuals.
In the example above, not wanting to ran over a person and have to face legal issues could be a very strong stressor for the drivers to hit the brakes for preventive measures.

Urban growth invariably feeds increased commercialization and industrialization. it requires continually expanding land areas. when urbanization rates are high, and countries do not have the institutional and managerial capacities or economic wherewithal to manage such rapid growths, they exert intense pressure on the types and nature of the resulting settlements. they contribute to the development of overcrowded slums and shanty towns without adequate essential services and necessary infrastructure.-by asit k. biswas and cecilia tortajada

It’s obvious the asnwer is false