"recent research on sports and social equality in the united states demonstrates a general pattern of of people from the lowest income levels among active participants in organized sports and physical recreation" (gruneau, 1999).

The answer is: Under-representation


In a popular 1999 research study it was found that people belonging to low-income groups where severely underrepresented in organized sport and physical recreation.

For many, the report showed a clear difference between the poor black populations of the inner city with their white more affluent counterparts.

However, the study did not itself look at race, but more on economics of the household of sports participants.

Politicians were able to use this study to promote better sports facilities for inner city schools.