What factor, in addition to the work of magendie and bernard that laid the basis of modern physiology, led to the adoption of technically sophisticated surgical techniques in animal experimentation in the mid-19th century ?

The discovery of the anesthetic properties of ether, in addition to the work of Magendie and Bernard that laid the basis of modern physiology, led to the adoption of technically sophisticated surgical techniques in animal experimentation in the mid-19th century. Ether is a colorless, transparent, and very volatile liquid. Ether is used as a general anesthetic for surgery.

The answer is c) protestant clergy