As raeann approaches age 50, she probably relies less on comparisons in judging her self-worth and more on comparisons

As Raeann approaches age 50, she probably relies less on social comparisons in judging her self-worth and more on temporal comparisons. The social comparison defines where individual's performance stands in the overall distribution, while the temporal comparison denotes whether performance is improved or deteriorated over time. Children on the other hand use social comparison (SC) for self-appraisal at an earlier age than they do temporal comparison (TC).

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.

answer; obey the closest relative's wishes;