According to jim cummins, social language (bics) takes 1-3 years while academic language (calps) is more difficult and takes 5-8 years to develop. how can teachers english language learners develop academic language

Teachers may help English language learners develop academic language by using sensory activities. In this way, learners may be able to catch up the lesson better and faster. Using facial expressions and body languages may also help. One thing that may also help students to learn academic language faster is the TPR or the Total Physical Response.

the answer to your question is,

d. when a child was born.

-mabel < 3