Adaptation level is reached when a. environmental press exceeds competence. b. the environmental press is at the average state for a given level of competence. c. the environmental press makes no demands on competence but competence still exists. d. competence exceeds an environmental press.

The answer is A. because if the environmental press exceeds the competence of the organism, it will have no choice but to adapt.

classical republicanism, also known as civic humanism, is a form of republicanism  developed in the renaissance inspired by the governmental forms and writings of  classical  antiquity, especially such  classical  writers as aristotle, polybius, and cicero.