Awaiver of the requirement for documentation of informed consent may be granted when: the investigator has no convenient place to store signed consent forms separate from the research data potential subjects might find some of the research questions embarrassing, personal, or intrusive the subjects are literate in their own language; however, they do not read, write, or speak english the only record linking the subject and the research is the consent document and the principal risk is a breach of confidentiality.

A waiver of the requirement for documentation of informed consent may be granted when the only record linking the subject and the research is the consent document and the principal risk is a breach of confidentiality.

A waiver can be defined as an act of surrendering or relinquishing a right ,claim, or privilege. The document evidencing such relinquishment is also called waiver.

Waiver for documentation of consent is when the concerned party sets the other party free from the requirement of documentation. It is granted in the situation when the consent letter is the only record and there is risk of breach of confidentiality.

Therefore the correct option is d.

Learn more about waiver here:

link

Whenever we pursue research and we involve subjects in it, we have to get their consent in order to avoid ethical issues such as putting them in a compromising situation or breaching their privacy.

Not having a secure place to store those forms is not a good excuse, as it is the researcher’s responsibility to ensure their safekeeping.

Similarly, it is the researcher’s duty to provide the subjects with information in their own language and to make sure that they understand the potential risks of the investigation, including potentially discussing embarrassing or intrusive topics.

Finally, a breach of confidentiality is a serious matter, as it can put your participants in an uncomfortable or even dangerous situation, betraying their trust and defeating the whole purpose of obtaining consent.

Therefore, the only time when it is fine to not ask for consent is when there is no record linking the participants to the subject. Their anonymity is automatically protected and a consent document would in fact undermine their privacy.

as university of miami psychologists debra lieberman and adam smith pointed out in a recent article in the journal current directions in psychological science, humans have social and psychological mechanisms to deter incest. with very few exceptions, marriages between brothers and sisters and between parents and their children are verboten in every human culture. the primary psychological anti-incest mechanism is the yuck response. even the idea of sex with their mom or dad, bro or sis is upsetting to most people. the psychologist jonathan haidt has found that nearly everyone is repelled by the prospect of brother-sister sex, even in hypothetical situations in which there is no chance of pregnancy).

the biological cost of incest

this raises an interesting question: just what’s so bad about incest? sure, having sex with your dad or your sister seems gross — but why? some anthropologists have argued that incest taboos are learned social conventions. this explanation, however, doesn’t make sense to me as it does not explain the widespread existence of anti-incest mechanisms in creatures ranging from cockroaches to chimpanzees. second, the incest taboo is about as close to a universal law as human moral rules get.

why should mechanisms to avoid incest be so widespread both in nature and across human societies? the answer is simple. the problem with having sex close with relatives is that there is an astonishingly high chance that your offspring will be born with a serious birth defect.

omg wow lol

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