Jay wants to get his roommate mark to put his dishes in the dishwasher when he's done eating. jay starts by giving mark a cookie each time he puts his dishes in the kitchen. he then gives mark a cookie each time he puts his dishes near the dishwasher. finally he gives mark a cookie only when he puts his dishes in the dishwasher. this is an example of

( jay is giving his friend diabetes) answer; shaping;

world war i had a devastating effect on german-americans and their cultural heritage. up until that point   german-americans, as a group, had been spared much of the discrimination, abuse, rejection, collective mistrust experienced by so many different racial and ethnic groups in the history of the united states. indeed, over the years, they had been viewed as a well integrated and esteemed part of american society. all of this change with the outbreak of war.