What are some examples of types of investments on the part of manufacturers that result in growth? (b) how does this improve a nations standard of living?

Research and Development (R&D) investments are the best example. Dedicating money to research, would enable companies to improve their physical capital (machines, facilities), and/or procedures. It is the way that manufacturing companies need to follow to enhance their productivity, and hence produce more competitive goods which will bring higher profits to the company.

Economic growth is considered as one of the engines that improve living standards within a country.

*ceteris paribus is a Latin phrase which literally means "other things equal".

answer; u.s senate;