Fter suffering a brain injury in a motorcycle accident, adam cannot form new memories. he can, however, remember his life experiences before the accident. adam's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates:

Which of the following  bestillustrates a negative reinforcer?               a.  copland gives up candy to stave off chronic acid indigestion.    b.  nancy learns that she prefers chocolate over vanilla.    c.  carmine changes his major to english lit after failing a math exam.    d.  on a hot day, lindberg always drinks lemonade.