Indirect characterization practice speech: what does the character say? how does the character speak? thoughts: what is revealed through the character’s private thoughts and feelings? effect on others toward the character: what is revealed through the character’s effect on other people? how do other characters feel or behave in reaction to the character? actions: what does the character do? how does the character behave? looks: what does the character look like? how does the character dress? keep in mind the five types of indirect characterization to you with the following excerpts. read the excerpt and write what the author is saying about the character and what method of “steal” you figure it out. 1. jessie was the kind of girl who would deliver the newspaper every day, no matter what the weather was like. indirect characterization: method of steal: 2. “janine never studies,” said mrs. johnson. “she thinks she already knows the answers.” indirect characterization: method of steal: 3. through the door walked in a woman wearing nothing but named brand items from head to toe. around her neck was a necklace from tiffany’s. dangling from her arm was a bag from michael kors. on her feet were five-inch red bottom high heels. indirect characterization: method of steal: 4. tim was walking around the store when he bumped into a display of soup cans, knocking them all over. tim bought two cartons of eggs then got hit by the automatic door on the way out. it almost broke the eggs. tim let out a sigh of relief. while walking through the parking lot, tim tripped over the curb and landed on the eggs, getting them all over his shirt. indirect characterization: method of steal: 5. john looked proudly at the new painting he had done and decided to enter it in the local art contest. indirect characterization: method of steal:

development:   floodplain development often directly impacts wetlands by removing vegetation (increasing bank erosion),   and filling or draining wetlands for building sites.   floodplain development sometimes indirectly impacts riparian wetlands through the installation of artificial stream stabilizing devices like rip-rap and bulk-heads that attempt to stop the natural meandering process which creates new wetlands and replenishes existing ones.    

road building:   most river valleys have roads and/or railroads.   these structures squeeze rivers and streams by narrowing the floodplain.   this destabilizes the river which   has less room to meander and therefore has an excess of energy.   the roads and railroads also affect drainage from uplands onto the floodplains, and many are built on top of areas that once were wetlands.   such roads often create long, low-quality wetlands upslope of the road by interrupting surface and groundwater flows.   these wetlands can attract wildlife dangerously close to roads.   wetland loss caused by roads is mitigated through the restoration of other impacted wetlands although the replacement wetlands are not always of the same type and quality as those lost. see montana department of transportation's off-site wetland mitigation reserves map.

grazing: overgrazing harms wetlands through soil compaction, removal of vegetation, and stream bank destabilization.   wetlands offer some of the best forage for livestock as well as a water source and cover, so livestock tends to spend a disproportionately large time in wetlands.   there are many grazing strategies that discourage cattle from using wetlands. click on rwrp's web site for a discussion of these strategies.

agriculture:   wetlands often have fairly flat areas of rich organic soil that is highly productive agricultural land if drained.   for this reason many wetlands have been drained and converted to agricultural lands.  

mining: historic mining has had a major impact on wetlands of the clark fork basin, particularly along the upper river where mine wastes have been deposited in the floodplain, creating the country’s largest superfund site. view the superfund site.  

the epa also list the following as major human causes of wetland loss:   logging,   runoff, air and water pollution, introducing nonnative species. see examples of nonnative species here.

the following lists specific damaging actions commonly taken in wetlands.

dumping:   dumping fill material buries hydric soils and effectively lowers the water table so hydrophytic (water loving) plants cannot compete with upland plants.  

            dredging:   the removal of material from a wetland or river bed.   dredging of streams lowers the surrounding water table and dries up adjacent wetlands.

            draining:   water is drained from wetlands by cutting ditches into the ground which collect and transport water out of the wetland.   this lowers the water table and dries out the wetland.    

            diverting flow:   water is diverted around wetlands, lowering the water table.  

            devegetation:   vegetation plays an important role in wetland ecology by removing water through evapotranspiration, altering water and soil chemistry, providing habitat for wildlife, and reducing erosion.   removal of vegetation can drastically and sometimes irreversibly alter wetland function.

            damming flow:   many ponds and reservoirs are constructed on wetlands.   a flooded wetland cannot provide the same habitats and functions.  

            development of springs:   pumping large quantities of water from springs lowers nearby groundwater and can result in the loss of wetland vegetation.   compaction of springs by cattle can cause springs to cease to flow.

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so you know what happened be fore you were alive

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