"which choice best expresses the critical result of the tolman and honzik (1930) latent learning experiment, along with its implications for the researchers' understanding of learning? "

The choice that shows that the stimulus and result were a meditational process with the rats in observation. The rats' brain was processing information actively, using their cognitive map.

The implication for the researchers is that in 1948, Tolman challenged the behaviorist point of view by stateing that animals, as well as people, were not passive learners as the behaviorist assumed.

Tolman believed that people acted by beliefs and attitudes, instead of only reacting to some kind of stimulus.

the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.