How did illegal smuggling affect the portuguese empire? a. the portuguese rulers profited from it b. it caused a war between spain and portugal c. it caused economic hardship in the empire d. it led portugal to expand its colonies i need its unit 4 lesson 9, 7th grade test if you have the other answer that would be great

The illegal smuggling caused economic hardship in the Portuguese empire.  During the 8th and 9th Centuries, tobacco became the major product in the Portugal. Tobacco’s importance as a commercial product had in fact grown steadily after 1620, and by the early 1700s, the monopoly on its sale had become one of the country’s most precious sources of income.

Together with spices, tobacco became the principle item of exchange for products from the Far East and for slaves taken from the coast from the West Africa.  

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the correct answer is the following is a list of inventions made in the medieval islamic world, especially during the "islamic golden age" (8th to 13th centuries),[1][2] as well as the late medieval period, especially in the emirate of granada and the ottoman empire.

science and technology in the islamic world adopted and preserved knowledge and technologies from contemporary and earlier civilizations, including persia, india, china, and greece-roman antiquity, while making a number of improvements and innovations.