One argue that the concept of dual federalism was doomed from the beginning because in the eyes of most americans today, the power of the federal government, compared with that of state governments, seems

Well that answer is some what easy to answer

The federal government wasn't respected at that time until the bill of rights was enacted the people were loyal to the state but as time progressed the federal government wanted to have power over the states so to meet the concerns of the people the bill of rights was created to protect the rights of the people now a days the state government has limited power against the government because after the Civil War with the exception of Texas states cannot separate from the federal government so at one point or another the federal government would take control over the states.

i would think yes.

explanation:

because we have every natianlity in our country which makes us so diverse and unique. that's why in a lot of cities there are places like little italy, koreatown, chinatown.  

marginal cost is a microeconomic measure that us to evaluate the extent to which the level of production of a good is sustainable in accounting, that is, to how many quantities the company plans to profit from the production of the good.

the concept of marginal cost is simple, it means the cost of producing one more item. for example, in the case of pies, the marginal cost is the cost of producing one more pie than those that have already been produced.

it is important to understand that productive activity influences marginal cost. the marginal cost of some goods can be very high, while others may be insignificant. for example, the marginal cost of producing an extra plane is very high. already the marginal cost of a water company to provide 1l more water is derisory.

in the case of pies, the cost involves the inputs, the labor and the fixed cost, which involves the fixed space of the bakery. the level of production initially has the marginal cost decreasing because there is space and manpower available. however, to produce more you have to hire more workers and buy more inputs. if physical space is limited, workers will conflict with places, inputs and their productivity will decrease, meaning there is an optimum point of production for each level of space and manpower. from this point on, the productivity of the workers will be getting smaller because of lack of space, so that the marginal cost of producing one more pie will be increasing. so, although you have not posted the chart, but if you have the answer, you can see that my explanation goes according to the marginal cost curve that will increase from the 4th pie, answer (c).