The idea that intelligence can be directly increased by effort is referred to as theory. entity incremental dual-process intrinsic-extrinsic

The correct answer is: Incremental Theory of Intelligence

In accordance with the Incremental Theory of Intelligence, intelligence is not predetermined and can be upgraded through an adequate amount of effort. The incremental theory centres more on behavioral aspects, such as effort and the problem solving strategies, and, also, in continuing working towards the way of the mastery of the task.

In other words, those who believe in the incremental theory of intelligence, think that their intelligence is fluid, changeable and malleable, and that it can be increased through work and effort. Student that agree with the Incremental Theory of Intelligence, see gratification coming from the process of learning and frequently see opportunities to get one step ahead;  they do not place their attention in what the end results will say about them, but in what they can achieve from taking part in the process.

Incremental theorists when dealing with no-success, behave differently, they desire to conquer challenges, they began to review various ways in which they could address the task differently, and they augment their efforts, that is because they believe that effort, through increased learning and strategy development, will actually augment their intelligence.

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i have to go with a for this one