Is a change of behavior in response to an explicitly stated request.

answer; ok in rural area most people depend on private transportation(cars),pick up truck,donkey and buggy: ),and urban people can walk or ride public transportation,bus,train cab,uber.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.