Which of the following systems of government was used in ancient sparta? a. a monarchy b. an oligarchy c. a democracy d. a theocracy

I believe the answer is A. Monarchy

Ummm it was a monarchy, but then it became an oligarchy, so both A and B are correct. I would go with monarchy, but idk.

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.