As a result of african american activism in the early 1900s, the 1960s brought the first nomination of an african american for us president. total integration in housing, jobs, and government. new laws protecting voting and other civil rights. a majority of whites backing the efforts of african americans.

The correct answer is: "new laws protecting voting and other civil rights."

The 14th and 15th Amendments to the US Constitution, enacted during the Reconstruction Era, already contained provisions to ensure equality of rights for all US citizens, without discrimination in terms on race. In practice, discrimination continued to be present not only in the society, but also in the legal systems of some states that legitimized practices such as segregation or that enacted laws to set limits to the voting rights of the African American sectors of the population (for example, a minimum income requeriment to be able to vote or literacy tests).

The Voting Rights Act, issued in 1965 is a federal legal instruments that prohibits racial discrimination in voting rights and to enforce the provisions introduced by the 14th and 15th amendments. African-American activisim and, specially the scope of the Civil Rights Movement gave rise to its enactment, together with other pieces of legislation that would protect equally all US citizens, both in theory and practice.

C

Explanation:

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.