What is an example of land features formed from constructive forces?

craters formed from volcanic explosions
faults formed from valley rifts
valleys formed from water erosion
volcanoes formed from rising magma

Who built the first turnpikes in the united states? a) the national government b) state governments c) private companies d) town councils

Which of the following methods could be considered a "best practice" in terms of informing respondents how their answers to an on-line survey about personal information will be protected? respondents are informed that investigators will try to keep their participation confidential; however, confidentiality cannot be assured.respondents are informed that a research assistant will transfer all the research data to a password-protected computer that is not connected to the internet, via a usb flashdrive. the computer is located in a research team member's office.the investigator uses the informed consent process to explain her institution's method for guaranteeing absolute confidentiality of research data.the investigator uses the informed consent process to explain how respondent data will be transmitted from the website to his encrypted database without ever recording respondents' ip addresses, but explains that on the internet confidentiality cannot be absolutely guaranteed.the investigator uses the informed consent process to explain how respondent data will be transmitted from the website to his encrypted database without ever recording respondents' ip addresses, but explains that on the internet confidentiality cannot be absolutely guaranteed

What does the term mandate” mean in terms of civil rights and liberties?