Which of the following statements explain why the von thunen model of agriculture land use is less applicable to agriculture today?
i. refrigerated trucks allowed dairy farmers to locate their operations far from the marketplace
ii. consolidation of ranchland means more animals are raised on less land
iii. land that was once baron has been made arable by use of chemical fertilizers
iv. genetically modified seeds have made it possible for crops to grow in different types of environments

a. i and ii
b. i and iii
c. i and iv
d. ii and iii
e. iii and iv

A. I and II

Explanation:

The german economist Johann Heinrich von Thunen proposed a system of agricultural location in order to make agricultural products and ranching more profitable, divided the land in rings, where the bullseye ring is the market or the urban area where the products are sold and trade, closest to this area would be the products that are easily spoiled and the dairy products, and this were accomodated due to the easyness of the products to spoil, so the new refrigerated tricks allow dairy farmers to locate their operations far from the market place, and in the outer rings the ranching farms were located because they needed the most space, since the consolidation of ranchland is allowing for cattle to be grown in smaller places this is not longer necessary, so this both reasons are the ones that make less applicable the von Thunen model for agriculture today.

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